I The Phylogeny of Behavior
Diversity and Constancy
- What differences in behavior between species are to be found?
- Do they fall into recognizable patterns, and are these patterns explainable according to natural laws that can be discovered and tested?
- What are the physiological and anatomical properties that are responsible for the persistence of these differences within the lifetimes of individuals and form generation to generation?
- How can such behavioral diversity among species be maintained in view of the great plasticity in behavior due to the processes of learning and memory?
- At what stages in ontogeny do differences between species arise, and what is the role of environmental differences in bringing them about?
- What are the various means by which genetic factors bring about differences in behavior between individuals, populations, and species?
ethogram a set of comprehensive descriptions of the characteristic behavior patterns of species
analysis of comparisions：desciption→comparison→evolutionary hypothesis→testing→evaluation
1. Patterns of Diversity in Behavior among Animal Species
Correlation of Behavior with Phylogeny → Behavioral Consistency within Species
在行为和（形态）谱系间存在联系，行为特征也可用于谱系分类，说明在同一物种
Progressive Evolutionary Change in Behavior
cline a pattern of geographic variation (within a species) in which a character changes gradually from one part of the range of the species to another.
II The Genetic Basis of Behavior
- Genetic bases of behavior