| Bee (Apidae) |
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| Bumble bee (Bombus) |
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有in-nest-young; forage-old趋势，not strictly, 不随年龄转换(Brian 1952; Free 1955; Yerushalmi 2006) |
small area, interspersed nest characteristics(Cameron 1989) |
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| B. terrestris 地熊蜂 |
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QR - size(1st batch), seq of born, special interaction with Q (Honk C. von 1981) |
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| large, inactive， periphery(Jandt, J. M. 2011) |
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| QL - size(Röseler PF 1977) |
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| B. impatiens 美洲东部熊蜂 |
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center-small,young, nurser,active;periphery-large,old,forager,inactive (Jandt, J. M. 2009) |
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| Wasp (Vespidae) |
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| Ant (Formicidae) |
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| Temnothorax切胸蚁 |
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concentric patterns(Sendova-Franks 1995; Backen 2000) |
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